How to Spot An Eye Infection in Dogs

As we look at our dog’s eyes so often, eye infections are usually identified quickly from home. Not only will the eyes look different, but the dog may also show signs of discomfort, and there can be visible discharge or crusting.

Prompt veterinary care is critical for the eyes to prevent scarring or even vision loss. Let’s examine some of the more common causes of eye infections and what can be done to treat and prevent them.

Recognising Symptoms of Eye Infections in Dogs

Depending on what’s causing the eye infection, the type and severity of signs will be variable. Let’s take a look at some of the more common symptoms:

Redness and Swelling

Redness may affect the white of the eye (sclera), the lining of the eye (conjunctiva), or the skin around the eye. Swollen conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) and puffiness of the eyelids can also occur.

Discharge

Discharge can be clear, like tears, or colours such as yellow, green, or brown. Consistency can be watery, slimy, sticky, or crusty.

Sometimes, the discharge forms large clumps or balls in the medial canthus (the area between the eye and the nose). Sticky discharge can even lead to the eye getting glued shut.

Pawing or Scratching at Eyes

Eye infections inevitably cause discomfort, which can manifest as a dog being bothered by its eyes rubbing and scratching at them. Some dogs will do this when you’re not watching for fear of being told off.

Types of Eye Infections in Dogs

There is a vast array of medical conditions that can affect the eyes, some of which are infectious. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or, less commonly, fungi. Some of the more common presentations include:

Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

When the conjunctiva is swollen and red, slightly less eyeball will be visible, and it may appear a little sunken back. Dogs often have ocular discharge, and the eye bothers them. It would not be uncommon for the discomfort to cause squinting.

Keratitis (Corneal Inflammation)

An inflamed cornea is often not an infectious issue. More commonly, we are dealing with trauma, inflammation, or a lack of tear production. However, for some dogs, it can be infectious.

The cornea can appear cloudy, and dogs usually dislike direct light on their eyes.

Uveitis

Uveitis is an inflammation inside the eye. It typically causes redness and significant discomfort. Most dogs squint their eyes shut in response to the pain.

Blepharitis

The eyelids and skin around the eyes will be affected for some dogs. It would not be uncommon for this condition to go hand in hand with atopic dermatitis and facial itching.

Common Causes of Eye Infections in Dogs

Eye infections in dogs can arise from various causes, such as injuries, allergies, or bacterial and viral infections.

Primary

As mentioned, it can be that bacteria or a virus directly causes the eye infection.

Bacterial Infections

In the UK, some of the more common bacterial culprits we encounter include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These can be passed from one dog to another, and those who are young, old, or unwell would be most at risk.

Viral Infections

Distemper, Influenza, Adenovirus, and Herpes are a few of the viral infections that can be responsible for canine eye issues. This is one (of many!) reasons why keeping your furry friend up to date with their vaccines is so crucial.

Secondary Infections

Often, an infection takes hold because something else is amiss. This is why it is always advised to have your pet seen in person for an eye issue rather than just trying to treat it at home with drops.

Environmental Irritants

Dust, smoke, fragrances, and essential oils can all irritate the eye and cause watering, itchiness, and rubbing. Some dogs are more sensitive than others, and those with environmental allergies are most reactive.

Physical Injury or Trauma

Trauma to the eye is not uncommon and can occur after a scratch from a branch or a fight with another pet. Signs come on abruptly, and there may be a corneal ulcer.

For some, an infection sets in after a few days, so most dogs with traumatic injuries are given prophylactic antibiotics.

Note: If you suspect something in your dog’s eyeball (such as a thorn), do not remove it. Instead, bring them directly to the emergency vet clinic.

Underlying Health Conditions

A range of medical conditions can make eye infections more likely. This includes keratoconjunctivitis sicca, hypothyroidism, glaucoma, ocular cancer, and atopic disease.

How to Diagnose Eye Infections in Dogs

Your veterinarian will discuss your dog’s recent signs and medical history. They’ll also perform a full check-over of your pet, focusing on their eyes.

This can include measuring the tears being produced, a stain to check for ulcers, eye pressure measurement, a swab, and/or cytology.

Best Treatment Options for Dog Eye Infections

The specific therapy your dog needs will depend on the type and severity of infection present and any underlying medical issues they may have.

Medication and Eye Drops

Your vet may issue some topical medication, such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. Some dogs will also benefit from oral pain relief.

Though it may be tricky to apply medicine to the eye, this is generally the most effective way to treat an infection, and oral antibiotics won’t usually resolve the issue.

Cleaning and Care

Any discharge should be regularly cleaned using cotton wool, warm water, or saline. You also want to stop your dog from rubbing, which will mean using a buster collar. Trimming your dog's long fur can also help improve hygiene and airflow.

At-Home Comfort Tips

Eye infections can be quite uncomfortable for your dog, and they may feel sorry for themselves. It can be a good idea to distract them with chews, food puzzles, and easy-going outdoor walks.

Preventive Care for Your Dog’s Eye Health

While not every eye infection can be prevented, you can take some sensible measures from home.

Routine Eye Checks

For at-risk breeds, including brachycephalic dogs and those with droopy eyes (such as Shih Tzus, Boxers, Bulldogs, Basset Hounds and St Bernard’s), we’d want the vet to assess their eyes at least annually.

This should be done more regularly for those with a history of eye issues.

Grooming and Cleaning

Keeping fur trimmed short and cleaning discharge regularly can help prevent infections and improve comfort for your dog.

Keep cleaning sessions short and positive, rewarding your dog with plenty of high-value treats throughout.

Avoiding Environmental Irritants

Try to keep the air at home well-ventilated and clear of irritants such as cleaning chemicals, cooking fumes, smoke, and dust. Air purifier systems can be helpful, particularly if your dog has been diagnosed with allergies.

Get Help With Your Dog’s Eye Infection

Please contact us if you have any concerns about your dog’s eyes.

We're here to answer your questions whether they look different from normal or seem to be bothering your dog.