Signs a Cat is in Pain and How to Recognise Them

As an owner, it can be heartbreaking to consider that our cats may be in pain and we don’t recognise this.

A cat’s body language and behaviour patterns can be quite subtle when it comes to displaying pain, making it paramount that we learn how to spot the telltale cues.

Being able to recognise pain ensures you can seek veterinary care for your cat in a timely manner.

Although each pet is an individual, there are certain behaviours that a cat in pain exhibits, allowing us to act quickly and provide the necessary care.

What Are the Most Common Signs a Cat is in Pain?

A cat that is in pain will act differently than usual. Their zest for life is often reduced, and they go about their daily life in a modified way.

How Do Changes in Behaviour Reveal Discomfort?

If a cat is in discomfort, you’ll notice they start to alter their routine and may choose a new resting spot or spend more time sleeping.

While initial signs can be subtle, you’ll likely pick up on the fact that your cat is acting a little differently.

Conversely, some cats may feel the need to stay closer to you and be more clingy. You might find they are reluctant to go outside and become little homebodies.

Can Irritability or Aggression Point to a Health Issue?

You may well notice that your once placid cat becomes irritable or aggressive when in pain.

This is them trying to defend themselves, and it isn’t something you should take personally.

What Physical Symptoms Should You Look for?

Cats are not likely to verbally complain or yowl, so you may find yourself acting as a detective.

Some physical symptoms of being in pain include:

• Taking longer to stand up
• A reluctance to jump
• Hiding away more
• Being less affectionate or sociable
• Grimacing their face
• Quicker or erratic breathing
• Avoiding physical contact.

Are Mobility Issues a Sign of Pain in Cats?

Certainly, if you've noticed your cat is not moving as fluidly, hesitates before jumping, or seems stiff, this is a common indication of pain.

While we often associate these physical signs with joint pain, they can also be observed in cats with other sources of discomfort, such as pancreatitis, sepsis, or cystitis.

How Do Cats Communicate Pain Through Vocalisation?

Many cats are quiet and subdued when in pain. They are not always going to be vocal, so we should not wait for this sign to occur.

What Sounds Indicate Distress?

If your cat is in extreme pain, you may hear them howl or hiss. This can be observed, for example, in a male cat that is unable to urinate but is attempting to do so.

Cats may also make noise if we try to pick them up or touch a sore spot on their body- this is their way of communicating they want to be left alone.

When Does Increased Meowing or Growling Become a Concern?

If your cat is not normally one to grumble and they suddenly start, you need to pay attention. This is a very clear sign that they are not happy.

Try to pay attention to what triggers these vocalisations, as this usually provides a big clue as to the source of pain.

How Do Habits Change When a Cat is in Pain?

Most areas of your cat’s life will be affected when they’re experiencing pain.

Eating

A reduced appetite is frequently seen. This can be linked to oral pain, but can also be caused by heightened stress levels, nausea, and reduced activity, leading to a slower metabolism.

Drinking

Similarly, your pet may feel less of a need to drink. They are not moving about as much, so they have a lower fluid requirement. Those with gingivitis or sore mouths may hesitate to drink.

Grooming

These cats spend less time grooming as their mobility is limited, and they may feel weak or lack energy.

How Can You Assess Pain in Your Cat at Home?

While it is not always easy to identify feline pain, you may find that they are exhibiting a change in behaviour as discussed above.

What Simple Checks Help Identify Discomfort?

Some common checks include:

• Looking for any facial changes, such as squinting, a furrowed brow, or flattened ears
• Assessing the cat’s posture and gait for any stiffness or hunching
• Measuring time spent sleeping
• Checking for vocalisation
• Monitoring appetite and thirst levels
• Taking note of activity levels
• Ensuring the litter box is being used as normal
• Check if your cat is grooming itself as usual, and look for greasy or matted fur.

Should You Track Symptoms Over Time?

Comparing your cat’s behaviour from one day to the next is an excellent way of monitoring their comfort levels.

Keeping a symptom diary can be useful for tracking whether symptoms are improving or worsening.

When Should You Take a Cat to the Vet for Pain?

If you are concerned your cat is experiencing pain, bring them to the vet clinic for assessment.

What Red Flag Symptoms Require Urgent Care?

Have your cat seen immediately at the emergency vet if they have any worrying symptoms, such as:

• Rapid or open-mouth breathing
• Pale or dry gums
• A swollen abdomen
• Difficulty moving
• Persistent vomiting
• Trouble passing urine, especially in a male cat
• Severe lethargy or weakness

How Do Vets Diagnose Pain in Cats?

Your veterinarian will perform a full physical exam, noting any tender areas and assessing the cat’s general demeanour and posture.

Your vet may also use a ‘pain assessment form’ such as the Glasgow Feline Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS), which provides an objective score. This takes into account the cat’s facial expression, posture and demeanour.

How is Pain in Cats Treated?

Of course, our aim is to control any pain as soon as we can. What is done will depend on your cat’s medical history and the cause of their discomfort.

What Medications or Therapies Are Commonly Used?

Any source of pain should be addressed. For example, a cat bite abscess may require lancing and flushing, while dental disease warrants a dental cleaning (and possibly tooth extractions) under anaesthesia.

Some of the most common medicines used include oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatories like Meloxicam, monoclonal antibodies such as Solensia, opioids like Tramadol, and neuropathic pain relief like Gabapentin.

How Can Lifestyle Adjustments Help Manage Chronic Pain?

For those with joint pain, maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce pressure on the joints and may be a beneficial way to alleviate pain.

For these cats, it can also help to keep their claws trimmed short and to have non-stick mats on tiled or wooden floors.

Create quiet and comfortable areas in the home, with low foot traffic, where they can sleep and relax. If your cat is prone to stress, consider using a pheromone plug-in nearby to ensure they feel extra snug and comforted.

Get Emergency Vet Care for Your Cat

For emergency vet care for your cat, contact us any time, day or night. We can provide advice over the phone or book you in to be seen right away.

Signs a Cat is in Pain FAQs

What Are the Earliest Signs That a Cat is in Pain?

Your kitty may spend less time with the family or seek more attention and comfort than usual. Their movement can look a little different, and they show less interesting playing, eating, and grooming.

Should I Give My Cat Human Painkillers?

Never give your cat human pain relief. Some are highly toxic and can be fatal in small doses.

How Quickly Should I Act if My Cat Shows Signs of Pain?

If you believe your cat is in pain, contact a vet right away. See the emergency vet if your cat is exhibiting any of the red flag signs discussed above.